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VOL. 8, ISSUE 3 (2026)
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Gardenia gummifera fruits
Authors
Rani Runam Kumari, Rajkumari Supriya Devi, Sanjeet Kumar
Abstract
The present study evaluated the phytochemical composition and
antioxidant activity of fruit extracts of Gardenia gummifera using
aqueous, ethanol and n-hexane as extraction solvents. Qualitative phytochemical
screening was carried out to detect primary and secondary metabolites, while
quantitative analysis was performed for selected secondary metabolites.
Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) radical-scavenging assay at concentrations ranging from 0.0625 to 1.0
mg/mL. Qualitative analysis revealed the presence of proteins, carbohydrates
and starch in the aqueous and ethanol extracts, whereas sucrose, lipids and
amino acids were not detected in any of the tested extracts. Among the
secondary metabolites, tannins, flavonoids, phenolic groups and reducing sugars
were detected in the aqueous and ethanol extracts, while saponins were detected
only in the aqueous extract. Terpenoids, steroids and alkaloids were not
detected in the tested extracts. Quantitative analysis showed tannin content of
68.97 mg/100 mL, saponin content of 4.6%, total phenol content of 6.36 mg/100
mL and flavonoid content of 0.57 mg/mL. In the DPPH assay, antioxidant activity
increased progressively with increasing extract concentration. At 1.0 mg/mL,
inhibition was 63.72% for the n-hexane extract, 61.27% for the ethanol extract
and 63.55% for the aqueous extract. The findings indicate that G. gummifera
fruits contain several biologically relevant phytochemical groups and exhibit
appreciable free-radical-scavenging activity. The results provide a preliminary
basis for further investigation of the antioxidant potential and phytochemical
constituents of this species.
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Pages:541-544
How to cite this article:
Rani Runam Kumari, Rajkumari Supriya Devi, Sanjeet Kumar "Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of <i>Gardenia gummifera</i> fruits". International Journal of Agriculture and Plant Science, Vol 8, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 541-544
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