Background: The transition from traditional subsistence agriculture to High Value Fruit (HVF) cultivation represents a critical pathway for rural microenterprise development and poverty alleviation. However, the socio-economic determinants and technological adoption constraints governing this transition remain insufficiently mapped in localized contexts.

Objective: This study aims to conduct a comprehensive baseline assessment of HVF production economics, climate-smart technology adoption and nutritional diversity among rural microenterprises in the Sitakunda and Mirsarai Upazilas of Chattogram, Bangladesh.

Methodology: A multi-stage systematic random sampling framework was utilized to survey 496 participants, comprising 409 microenterprise farmers (stratified into 10% Ultra-poor, 19% Transitional poor and 71% Enterprising poor). Data were collected via Key Informant Interviews (KII) and structured questionnaires. Statistical evaluations were performed using IBM SPSS, applying Chi-square tests at a 5% level of significance (P = 0.05).

Results: The socio-demographic profile revealed agriculture as the primary occupation (87.20%), alongside a 38.90% illiteracy rate. Land tenurial disparities were stark: the ultra-poor operated entirely on leased land (40.08 ± 25.99 decimals), while the enterprising poor held significant proprietary assets (58.26 ± 44.18 decimals). Seasonal cultivation economics showed gross profits peaking at 27.63 ± 55.57 thousand BDT (March-July 2021) but revealed high vulnerability. Technology adoption faced severe cost barriers; 76.50% and 80.70% of farmers deemed bio-pesticides and bio-fertilizers cost-prohibitive, respectively. Value chain bottlenecks were heavily concentrated in post-harvest management (89.80%) and processing (89.10%). Chi-square tests confirmed significant statistical associations between poverty strata and the adoption of climatic adaptive technologies (χ² = 22.929, P = 0.011) as well as modern mechanization (χ² = 39.05, P = 0.001).