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VOL. 8, ISSUE 3 (2026)
Correlation and path analysis for root traits, phosphorus use efficiency, yield and quality traits in groundnut (Arachis hypogaeae L.)
Authors
K Mounika, K John, M Reddi sekhar, K V Naga madhuri
Abstract
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop
cultivated worldwide for its edible oil, protein-rich kernels and soil
fertility improvement through biological nitrogen fixation. Genetic
variability, correlation and path coefficient analyses were carried out for
twenty-two physiological, root, phosphorus use efficiency, yield and quality
traits in twenty advanced breeding lines along with four check varieties of
groundnut. Considering the mean performance, the genotypes TCGS-2638,
TCGS-2572, TCGS-2634 and TCGS-2635 registered superiority for important yield
and associated traits viz.,
number of mature pods plant⁻¹, hundred pod weight (g), hundred kernel weight
(g), pod yield plant⁻¹ (g), kernel yield plant⁻¹ (g), phosphorus uptake (kg
ha⁻¹), harvest index (%) and shelling per cent (%). High percentage of PCV,
GCV, heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were
recorded for phosphorus uptake (Kg ha⁻¹), phosphorus content (%), root dry
weight (g), root: shoot ratio, leaf acid phosphatase activity (µ mol g-1
FW h-1), kernel yield plant⁻¹ (g) and pod yield plant⁻¹ (g),
indicating the predominance of additive gene action and effectiveness of
selection for these traits. Correlation analysis revealed that the traits
kernel yield plant⁻¹ (g), number of mature pods plant⁻¹, hundred pod weight
(g), hundred kernel weight (g), harvest index (%) and phosphorus uptake (kg
ha⁻¹) were positively associated with pod yield plant⁻¹ (g). Inter-correlation
among these traits also recorded significant positive association, indicating their
importance in yield improvement. Therefore, these characters can be considered
as important yield attributing traits and due importance should be given while
breeding for high pod yield plant⁻¹ (g) in groundnut. Moreover, path
coefficient analysis revealed that kernel yield plant⁻¹ (g) exerted the highest
positive direct effect on pod yield plant⁻¹ (g), while harvest index (%) also
recorded high positive direct effects. The traits viz.,
number of mature pods plant⁻¹, hundred pod weight (g), hundred kernel weight
(g), shelling per cent (%), phosphorus uptake (kg ha⁻¹) and phosphorus content
(%) exhibited moderate to high indirect effects through kernel yield plant⁻¹
(g) and harvest index (%) on pod yield plant⁻¹ (g). Hence, greater emphasis
should be placed on these traits for yield improvement and enhancement of
phosphorus use efficiency in groundnut.
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Pages:187-196
How to cite this article:
K Mounika, K John, M Reddi sekhar, K V Naga madhuri "Correlation and path analysis for root traits, phosphorus use efficiency, yield and quality traits in groundnut (<i>Arachis hypogaeae</i> L.)". International Journal of Agriculture and Plant Science, Vol 8, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 187-196
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