Genetic variability among parental lines and their segregating generations is essential for the genetic improvement of complex quantitative traits in pigeonpea (Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.). The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate genetic variability and generation mean performance for seed yield and associated traits in medium duration pigeonpea. The experimental material comprised five crosses, viz., GRG 152 × GJP 1, GRG 152 × AGT 2, JSP 6 × GJP 1, JSP 6 × BDN 711 and WRG 173 × BDN 711, each represented by six basic generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2). The experiment was conducted during Kharif 2021- 22 at two locations, Junagadh and Kukada, in a Compact Family Block Design with three replications. Observations were recorded for nine agronomic traits related to phenology, plant architecture and yield. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among crosses and among generations within each cross for all the studied traits at both locations, indicating the presence of substantial genetic variability. Considerable variation in generation means was observed across the five crosses, reflecting diverse genetic responses for yield and its component traits. Several F1, F2 and backcross generations exhibited desirable mean performance for important yield attributes, particularly seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant and plant height, highlighting the breeding potential of these cross combinations. The consistency of significant variation across environments further confirmed the stability of the observed genetic differences. The results demonstrated the existence of ample exploitable genetic variability for seed yield and related traits in medium duration pigeonpea. The superior cross combinations identified in the present study provide valuable genetic resources for selection and future pigeonpea breeding programmes aimed at developing high-yielding cultivars.