Horticulture plays a pivotal role in enhancing nutritional security and rural livelihoods in Odisha, India; however, productivity is constrained by climate variability, suboptimal land-use efficiency, and post-harvest losses. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) offer new opportunities for transforming conventional horticulture into a data-driven, climate-resilient system. This mini-review synthesizes recent advances (2024–2026) in AI-enabled precision horticulture and evaluates their integration with multi-layer cropping systems. Multi-layer horticulture improves vertical space utilization by combining perennial, fruit, vegetable, and spice crops within a single production unit, while AI-based systems enable real-time monitoring, predictive irrigation, and adaptive crop management. A conceptual framework tailored to Odisha’s agro-climatic conditions is proposed, highlighting potential improvements in resource-use efficiency, yield stability, and economic returns. The integration of AI-driven decision support with multi-layer horticulture is shown to reduce water consumption, enhance productivity, and mitigate climate risks. This review provides a region-specific pathway for sustainable intensification of horticulture in Odisha and identifies future research directions for scalable implementation.