The growing demand for renewable energy has renewed interest in agricultural residues as viable feedstocks.Sugarcane waste including bagasse, press mud, and molasses represents an abundant lignocellulosic resource with considerable potential for bioethanol production. Converting these residues into fuel reduces the environmental burden associated with open field burning and improper disposal. Advances in pretreatment methods, enzyme technologies, and fermentation strategies have significantly improved the efficiency of breaking down fibrous components, allowing higher ethanol yields from materials traditionally considered difficult to process. Beyond serving as a cleaner transportation fuel, bioethanol derived from sugarcane waste contributes to lowering greenhouse gas emissions, supporting circular bioeconomy models, and promoting energy independence in rural farming regions. Its integration within existing sugar mills further strengthens resource efficiency by linking energy generation with agricultural production systems. As pressures related to climate change and fossil fuel depletion. Sugarcane waste based bioethanol emerges as a promising pathway for sustainable ecosystem management. This review examines current technological developments, challenges, and practical applications, emphasizing the role of sugarcane residues in shaping a more resilient and environment friendly energy approach.