The objective of sustainable agriculture is to meet society’s food and textile necessities without negotiating the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The limited natural resources and increasing population rate is the biggest challenge in the present era for scientists to fulfill global agricultural demand in sustainable manner. The widespread use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to provide food security to the ever-expanding population has toxic effects on the soil, environment and human health. Therefore, it is essential to adopt sustainable agriculture practices that can enhance crop production without the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides.

Recent advances in synthesis and functionalization of nanoparticles have brought a significant increase in agricultural applications and received significant attention in agrochemical field as it naturally overcomes the defects of conventional agrochemicals. Nanofertilizers and nanopesticides are the most promising solutions for conventional fertilizers and pesticides. Nanotechnology has the prospective to improve the agriculture and food industry with novel nanotools.

This review paper emphasizes recent advances in nanotechnology and its safe application in agriculture. The potential uses and benefits of nanoparticle-based fertilizers and pesticides have also been discussed