This study was carried out to evaluation the efficiency of two different materials (substances) on controlling the serious pest Aphis gossypii Glover (Aphididae: Hemiptera) infesting squash plants (Cucurbita pepo L.) through its effectiveness on the physiological characteristics of that insect. Examined substances were; the plant hormone auxins hormone (Indol acetic acid IAA) with two concentrations; 25 ppm and 50 ppm and the other substance was lanthanum oxide La2O3 also with two concentrations; 1 ppm and 5 ppm. Experiments were carried out at two different zones (governorates); Tokh zone (Qaliobya Governorate) and Perkash zone (Giza governorate) during seasons 2022 under greenhouses. Results obtained show that lanthanum oxide La2O3 was more effectiveness on controlling A. gossypii more than auxins hormone (Indol acetic acid IAA) at both of the two tested zones. This is appears in decreasing the mean population numbers of A. gossypii infesting squash plants when squash plants treatment by lanthanum oxide La2O3 more than when these plants treatment by auxins hormone IAA compared to control (squash plants did not treat with any substances). Results obtained indicated also that effectiveness of lanthanum oxide La2O3 was higher than auxins hormone IAA on the physiological characteristics of the tested pest A. gossypii. These physiological characteristics stimulated in the important internal substances secreted by that insect A. gossypii; two internal compounds (total proteins - total Lipids); two enzymes (lipase enzyme - kinase enzyme); two hormones (molting hormone - juvenile hormone) and two genes (alpha glucosidase gene - sucrase gene).