Pyrethrum is the generic name given to a plant-based insecticide derived from the powdered, dried flower heads of the pyrethrum daisy, chiefly Chrysanthemum cinerariae folium. This paper discussed briefly Pyrethrins which are the six insecticidal active compounds in pyrethrum that occur in Chrysanthemum species. These pyrethrins are esters formed by a combination of two acids and three alcohols. The two acids are chrysanthemic acid and pyrethric acid. The three alcohols are pyrethrolone, cineralone and jasmololone. The paper also looked at Pyrethrins, the most economically important natural insecticides that have been used for about 150 years and have survived frequent challenges to their economic relevance. Extraction and Analytical procedures such as bioconversion as well as the progress achieved in methods for the identification and quantification of insecticidal compounds were briefly reviewed. The reviewed indicated that an industrial production of pyrethrins based on bioconversion of readily available precursors may be much more attractive for industrial development than the process based on plant cell/tissue cultures. The paper established that Pyrethrum has a very good toxicity profile and that some symptoms of pyrethrum poisoning in people include headaches and dizziness, these are related to disruptions of the nervous system. The paper concludes by reviewing some toxicology properties of Pyrethrins, it uses and its effect on the environment and animals.