Nanotechnology research has the potential to bring long-term solutions to serious issues confronting modern intensive agriculture. Nano fertilizers have a three-fold increase in nutrient utilisation efficiency (NUE) 80-100 as compared to chemical fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers make crops 10 times more resistant to stress. Nanomaterials with a size of 1–100 nm are used in nanotechnology, and their small size gives them unique properties and benefits. A big area provides the ability for better and more effective interaction of nanoparticles to focus on specific places having an advantage of completely biodegradable, making it eco-friendly [1]. The review majorly focuses on the synthesis and evaluates the role of nano fertilizers in increasing nutrient uptake and efficiency, reducing losses through leaching and gaseous emissions, and lowering the risk of nutrient toxicity in order to ensure food security through increased productivity and economic returns through sustainable farming practices [2, 5, 18, 30].